Space medicine is the practice of medicine on astronauts in outer space whereas astronautical hygiene is the application of science and technology to the prevention or control of exposure to the hazards that may cause astronaut ill health. Both these sciences work together to ensure that astronauts work in a safe environment. The main thing is to discover how well and for how long people can survive the extreme conditions in space, and how fast they can adapt to the earth's environment after coming back from space. (Source: Wikipedia.com)